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Mapování výskytu (anti-)progestagenních aktivit v povrchových vodách České republiky
KRULOVÁ, Jana
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the occurrence of substances with (anti-)progestagenic activity in surface waters of the Czech Republic. Samples were taken at 21 localities using POCIS samplers. Localities included the so-called closure profiles (end of the river basin) and significant sampling points along the profile of the river Elbe. The samples were transported to the laboratory, where they were extracted. (Anti-)PR-CALUX in vitro bioassay was used to detect (anti-)progestagenic activity. First, the cells were plated on a microtiter plate and, after 24 hours of incubation, exposed to a calibration series of the reference substance ORG 2058 for progestagenic activity or the reference substance mifepristone for anti-progestagenic activity and a series of diluted surface water extracts. After 24 hours of exposure, cell luminescence was measured in relative light units. The resulting hormonal activity was expressed in ng/l equivalents of the reference substance (ORG 2058 or mifepristone). Progestagenic activity was below the limit of quantification in the samples from all 21 sampling sites (<6-11 ng/l ORG 2058 equivalents) sampled in the year 2017. Anti-progestagenic activity was detected at 6 localities, ranging from 12 to 33 ng/l mifepristone equivalents. For comparison, 3 samples from the year 2016 were analysed. Anti-progestagenic activity was detected in the range from 14 to 48 ng/l mifepristone equivalents. Progestagenic activity was below the limit of quantification at all 3 localities. The occurrence of anti-progestagenic activity was detected mainly at localities where the chemical industry is in the vicinity. There are companies that can use certain substances with anti-progestagenic activity in the production of their products, such as polycyclic musk compounds, brominated flame retardants or bisphenols. The occurrence of anti-progestagenic activity in these localities could indicate the insufficient ability of industrial wastewater treatment plants to degrade substances exhibiting anti-progestagenic activity. The occurrence of anti-progestagenic activity in surface waters may have a negative impact on aquatic organisms, especially vertebrates. Exposure of these organisms to substances with anti-progestagenic activity could lead to reduced fertility and impaired gonad development.
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Comparison of the determination of hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Prolactin, Testosterone, Progesteron) by two analytical systems. Converting accredited method and its verification.
Kucejová, Soňa ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
Analytical system ARCHITECT i2000SR was verified according to requirements of ÚLBLD VFN and 1. LF UK laboratory in Prague. Repeatability, intermediate precision, and measurement uncertainty were determined as performance parameters for verification of analytical assays for testosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicule stimulating hormone and prolactin. Results of Lyphochek control samples, which were measured, were consistent with values given by manufacture. Repeatability: coefficients of variation for testosterone Lyphochek 1 6,81%, for Lyphochek 3 6,40%, progesterone 2,4% and 1,8%, luteinizing hormone 5,38% and 1,89%, follicle stimulating hormone 5,12% and 3,24% prolactin 1,45% a 1,83%. Intermediate precision: coefficients of variation for testosterone Lyphochek 1 6,02%, Lyphochek 2 3,60%, Lyphochek 3 3,07%, progesterone 7,9%, 4,9% and 5,8%, luteinizing hormone 4,50%, 5,51% and 5,83%, follicle stimulating hormone 4,00%, 3,72% and 4,87%, prolactin 4,60%, 4,20% and 5,00%. Measurement uncertainty: testosterone 6,02%, progesterone 7,9%, luteinizing hormone 5,83%, follicle stimulating hormone 4,87%, prolactin 5,00%. Analytical System Architect i2000SR was compared with previously used ADVIA Centaur system to find out, whether it is possible to convert the method Centaur Testosterone,...
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Progesterone influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy
Škvorová, Anna ; Koucký, Michal (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy represents a major challenge to the maternal immune system. From an immunological point of view, a fetus is a semi-allograft. The mechanisms providing immunological paradox of fetal tolerance are still not well known and require further research. A complex network of immuno-endocrine interactions ensures fetal growth and development within the maternal uterus. The hormone playing an indispensable role in pregnancy is progesterone. The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of progesterone on the immune system in pregnancy and its mechanisms. Progesterone can affect target cells via the classical nuclear progesterone receptors, which act as transcription factors, or it can act using a variety of other ways, including non-genomic rapid signaling. Progesterone optimizes conditions for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, changes the amount, localization and characteristics of immune cells and production of cytokines. It reduces the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity, supports the proliferation of uterine NK and dendritic cells, affects B cells and induces the formation of T regulatory cells and their recruitment into the fetal-maternal interface. The wide range of...
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Comparison of the determination of hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Prolactin, Testosterone, Progesteron) by two analytical systems. Converting accredited method and its verification.
Kucejová, Soňa ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
Analytical system ARCHITECT i2000SR was verified according to requirements of ÚLBLD VFN and 1. LF UK laboratory in Prague. Repeatability, intermediate precision, and measurement uncertainty were determined as performance parameters for verification of analytical assays for testosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicule stimulating hormone and prolactin. Results of Lyphochek control samples, which were measured, were consistent with values given by manufacture. Repeatability: coefficients of variation for testosterone Lyphochek 1 6,81%, for Lyphochek 3 6,40%, progesterone 2,4% and 1,8%, luteinizing hormone 5,38% and 1,89%, follicle stimulating hormone 5,12% and 3,24% prolactin 1,45% a 1,83%. Intermediate precision: coefficients of variation for testosterone Lyphochek 1 6,02%, Lyphochek 2 3,60%, Lyphochek 3 3,07%, progesterone 7,9%, 4,9% and 5,8%, luteinizing hormone 4,50%, 5,51% and 5,83%, follicle stimulating hormone 4,00%, 3,72% and 4,87%, prolactin 4,60%, 4,20% and 5,00%. Measurement uncertainty: testosterone 6,02%, progesterone 7,9%, luteinizing hormone 5,83%, follicle stimulating hormone 4,87%, prolactin 5,00%. Analytical System Architect i2000SR was compared with previously used ADVIA Centaur system to find out, whether it is possible to convert the method Centaur Testosterone,...
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Monitoring of (anti-)progestagenic activity in wastewater by in vitro bioassay
BERANOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this diploma thesis was to detect (anti-)progestagenic activity in wastewater samples from the influent and effluent of six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in South Bohemia. Subsequently, the efficiency of the treatment process of this WWTPs was assessed from this point of view. The wastewater from WWTPs was transported to the laboratory and extracted oby solid phase extraction. The eluates were washed, evaporated and dissolved in DMSO. Detection of (anti-)progestagenic activity was performed by using the PR-CALUX in vitro bioassay. Transgenic cells were seeded on well plates and were exposed to ORG2058, reference substance for progestagenic activity, or RU-486, reference substance for antiprogestagenic activity, as well as a number of diluted wastewater extracts. After that, luminiscence of the cells was measured and it was was expressed in relative light units which were a measure of (anti-)progestagenic activity.(Anti-)progestagenic activity was reported in equivalent concentrations of the reference substance. Progestagenic activity in WWTPs influent ranged from below LOQ up to 1.8 ng/l ORG2058 eq. In effluent this activity ranged from below LOQ up to 0.5 ng/l ORG2058 eq. The elimination rate of progestagenic activity ranged from -25% to 100%. Antiprogestagenic activity in WWTPs inffluent was below the LOQ up to 1 ng/l RU-486 eq. In effluent this activity was below LOQ up to 9.7 ng/l RU-486 eq. The elimination rate of antiprogestagenic activity ranged from -50% to 100%.(Anti-)progestagenic activity in waste water has been demonstrated by using the PR-CALUX in vitro bioassay. Negative removal efficiency of some WWTPs was also documented. This is probably caused by biotransformation of some substances which don´t have (anti-)progestagenic activity to substances which have this activity or it is caused by deconjugation of metabolits of compounds with (anti-)progestagenic activity. Antiprogestagenic activity may be more hazardous for organisms living in the aquatic environment than progestagenic activity because of concentrations in WWTPs effluent. However this activity should not be underestimated.
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Hormonal control of aggressive behaviour in lizards
Rauner, Petr ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Gregorovičová, Martina (referee)
Aggression is a highly functional form of social behaviour, which can be observed in nearly all species of vertebrates including lizards. There are many forms of aggressive behaviour and there is very significant difference in the physiological basis among them. The main and best understood hormone affecting aggression, is testosterone, but there exists evidence that some aggressive behaviour can be influenced by other hormones as well for example by progesterone, estradiol and corticosterone. The effect of these hormones on the organism is traditionally divided into the activation and organizational effects. Organizational effects are permanent and occur usually in the earlier stages of development. Activation effects are temporary and occur during the entire life. Elevated testosterone levels usually stimulate aggressive behaviour in both males and females. Progesterone and estradiol affect aggressive behaviour similarly but less effective. It is uncertain whether their effects are direct, or whether they are only a side-effect of testosterone, which is a precursor of estradiol and which has progesterone as own precursor. Corticosterone affects aggressive behaviour indirectly by influencing levels of testosterone. Hormonal influence on aggression in lizards is not the sole factor, but it depends on...
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Selected differences in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system in women
Yang, Shiann-Guey ; Kittnar, Otomar (advisor) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee) ; Danzig, Vilém (referee)
(summary of doctoral dissertation) It has become increasingly apparent in recent years that there are important differences of many cardiovascular disorders including ventricular tachycardias in men and women. Gender differences have been observed in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation of various ventricular arrhythmias. Physiological menopause occurs as a part of a woman's normal aging process being based on the natural cessation of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries. The dramatic fall in circulating estrogens levels at menopause impacts many tissues including cardiovascular system. Because the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) rises significantly after menopause, it has been hypothesized that women's CHD advantage before menopause (in comparison to men of the same age) could be due to the protective effects of estrogens. However, controversial results have been reported since early nineties until today. While some studies found reduction in the incidence of CHD and in mortality from cardiovascular diseases some other studies failed to provide any evidence for an independent role of estradiol levels in determining CHD in postmenopausal women and some studies even found positive association of endogenous estradiol with the risk of CHD among women above...
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